NEET UG Biology Syllabus 2026: The NEET UG Biology syllabus is a key component of exam preparation, designed to evaluate candidates’ understanding and application of biological concepts. To perform well, aspiring medical students must have a clear and thorough grasp of the syllabus. The NEET UG Biology syllabus for 2026 is based on the NCERT curriculum of Classes 11 and 12. It covers both Botany and Zoology, which are divided into two sections: Section A focuses on Botany, while Section B covers Zoology.
A thorough revision of the Class 11 and Class 12 NCERT Biology textbooks is essential, as the NEET Biology syllabus is largely based on the concepts covered in these books. In this article, you will gain complete insight into the NEET Botany and Zoology syllabus, including class-wise, topic-wise, and chapter-wise details, along with books recommended by toppers.
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NEET Syllabus 2026: Quick Fact
Before going into a deep discussion of the NEET Biology syllabus, let’s check some quick facts about the NEET 2026 Syllabus below mention table.
| Particulars | Correct Details |
| Issuing Authority | NTA |
| Official Website | neet.nta.nic.in |
| Subjects | Physics, Chemistry, Biology (Botany & Zoology) |
| Total Questions | 200 (180 to attempt) OR 180 (latest pattern) |
| Physics Questions | 45 |
| Chemistry Questions | 45 |
| Biology Questions | 90 (45 Botany + 45 Zoology) |
NEET Syllabus 2026 for Biology
The NEET Biology syllabus for Class 12 includes a broad range of topics such as reproduction in plants and animals, human reproduction, genetics and evolution, biotechnology, ecology, and the environment. In contrast, the Class 11 syllabus focuses on fundamental concepts like cell structure and function, diversity in the living world, the plant and animal kingdoms, and the structural organization of plants and animals.
| NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 (Class 11) | NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 (Class 12) |
|---|---|
| Diversity in Living World | Reproduction |
| Structural Organization in Animals and Plants | Genetics and Evolution |
| Cell Structure and Function | Biology and Human Welfare |
| Plant Physiology | Biotechnology and Its Applications |
| Human Physiology | Ecology and environment |
Class 11th chapter-wise NEET UG Biology syllabus
Below the mention table, we will share class 11th chapter-wise NEET UG Biology syllabus weightage. Let’s look:
| Unit | Description (Topics) |
| Unit 1 – Diversity in Living World | Biodiversity; Need for classification; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature; Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of plants into major groups – Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (features & examples); Classification of animals – Non-chordates (up to phyla level) and Chordates (up to class level) with features & examples. |
| Unit 2 – Structural Organization in Animals and Plants | Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of flowering plants; Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence (cymose and racemose), flower, fruit, seed; Animal tissues; Morphology and anatomy of systems in animals and plants. |
| Unit 3 – Cell Structure and Function | Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant and animal cells; Cell organelles – Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles; Biomolecules (chemical constituents of living cells); Cell division – Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance. |
| Unit 4 – Plant Physiology | Photosynthesis – Autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis; Pigments; Light and dark reactions; Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis; Respiration – Glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle, ETS; ATP generation; Respiratory quotient; Plant growth and development – Seed germination, growth phases, growth regulators (Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, Ethylene, ABA). |
| Unit 5 – Human Physiology | Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory system, mechanism, gas exchange, transport, regulation, disorders (Asthma, Emphysema). Body Fluids and Circulation: Blood composition, blood groups, coagulation, lymph, heart, cardiac cycle, ECG, disorders (Hypertension, CAD). Excretion: Excretory system, urine formation, osmoregulation, kidney regulation, disorders, dialysis. Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement, muscles, skeletal system, joints, disorders (Arthritis, Osteoporosis). Neural Control and Coordination: Neurons, nervous system, impulse conduction. Chemical Coordination: Endocrine glands, hormones, mechanism of action, disorders. |
NOTE: Learn more about the CBSE NCERT Class 11 Syllabus.
Class 12th chapter-wise NEET Biology syllabus
Below the mention table, we will share class 12th chapter-wise NEET UG Biology syllabus weightage. Let’s look:
| Unit | Description (Topics) |
| Unit 1 – Reproduction | Reproduction in Organisms: Asexual reproduction and its modes. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Flower structure; Development of male & female gametophytes; Pollination (types, agents, examples); Outbreeding devices; Pollen-pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post-fertilization events (endosperm & embryo development, seed & fruit formation); Special modes – apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seeds and fruits. Human Reproduction: Anatomy of testis & ovary; Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis & oogenesis); Menstrual cycle; Fertilization, embryo development (up to blastocyst), implantation; Pregnancy, placenta, parturition, lactation. Reproductive Health: STDs; Birth control methods; Contraception; Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and ART (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT). |
| Unit 2 – Genetics and Evolution | Heredity and Variation: Mendelian inheritance; Chromosome theory; Genes & chromosomes; Sex determination (humans, birds, honeybees); Linkage & crossing over; Sex-linked inheritance (haemophilia, colour blindness); Mendelian disorders (thalassemia); Chromosomal disorders (Down’s, Turner’s, Klinefelter’s syndromes). Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA & RNA; DNA packaging; Replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene regulation (Lac operon); Human Genome Project; DNA fingerprinting; Protein synthesis. Evolution: Origin of life; Evidence of evolution (paleontology, anatomy, embryology, molecular biology); Darwin’s theory; Modern synthetic theory; Mechanisms (gene flow, genetic drift); Hardy-Weinberg principle; Adaptive radiation; Human evolution. |
| Unit 3 – Biology and Human Welfare | Health and Disease: Human diseases caused by pathogens (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm, dengue, chikungunya); Immunity and vaccines; Cancer, HIV/AIDS; Adolescence; Drug, alcohol, and tobacco abuse. Microbes in Human Welfare: Use in household food processing; Industrial production; Sewage treatment; Energy generation; Biocontrol agents; Biofertilizers. |
| Unit 4 – Biotechnology and Its Applications | Biotechnology – Principles and Processes: Genetic engineering basics. Applications: Human insulin production; Vaccine production; Gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms (Bt crops); Transgenic animals; Biosafety issues; Biopiracy and patents. |
| Unit 5 – Ecology and Environment | Organisms and Environment: Habitat and niche; Population interactions (mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism); Population attributes (growth, birth rate, death rate, age distribution). Ecosystem: Structure and components; Productivity; Decomposition; Energy flow; Ecological pyramids (number, biomass, energy). Biodiversity and Conservation: Patterns and importance; Loss of biodiversity; Conservation methods; Hotspots; Endangered species; Extinction; Red Data Book; Biosphere reserves; National parks; Sanctuaries; Sacred groves. |
NOTE: Learn more about the CBSE NCERT Class 12 Syllabus.
NEET Biology Chapterwise Weightage
Below the mentioned table, we will share class 11th &12th chapter-wise NEET UG Physics syllabus weightage. Let’s look:
| Chapters | Approximate Weightage |
|---|---|
| Diversity of Living Organisms | 12% |
| Structural Organisation in Animals | 9% |
| Cell: Structure and Function | 8% |
| Plant Physiology | 8% |
| Human Physiology | 16% |
| Reproduction | 11% |
| Genetics and Evolution | 13% |
| Biology and Human Welfare | 9% |
| Biotechnology and its Applications | 4% |
| Ecology and Environment | 10% |
NEET UG Biology Important Topics
This table mentions the all important topics of the NEET UG Biology syllabus for class 11th & 12th. Let’s look:
| Biodiversity | Respiration | Diffusion Means of Transport Biology |
| Chordates | Pteridophytes Alternation of Generations | Habitat of Fungi |
| Cell Wall | Algae | Algae and Fungi |
| Taxonomy | Seed Germination | Passive Transport |
| Morphology in Flowering Plants | Plants | Cell Structure and Function |
| Cell Organelles | Bryophytes | Viruses |
| Biological Systems of Classification Branches of Taxonomy (Biological Classification) | Cell Envelopes and Cell Membrane Invagination | Cell Theory and Its Modification |
| Morphology of Root and Its Types | Internal Anatomy Alimentary Canal | Photosynthesis (Photosynthesis in Higher Plants) |
| Taxonomic Aids | Gymnosperms | Pteridophytes |
| Morphology in Flowering Plants | Cytoplasm and Cell Membrane | Cell |
| Nuclear Membrane | Human Digestive System | Kingdom Monera |
| Scientific Names of Plants and Animals | Difference Between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms | Anatomy of Stem |
| Anatomy of Flowering Plants | Cell Wall and Cell Membrane | Nucleolus |
| Chromosome and Chromatids | Peristalsis | Protista |
| Monera | Disorders of the Respiratory System | Cell Organelles |
| Anatomy of Roots | Regulation of Respiration | Contractile Proteins |
| Chromatin | Movement and Locomotion | Kingdom Fungi |
| Human Respiratory System | Breathing and Exchange of Gases | Cell-The Unit of Life |
| Human Heart | Blood and Plasma | Endocrine System Ductless Gland |
| Cilia and Flagella |
Best Book for NEET UG 2026 Biology
Botany and zoology are included in the Biology section, and this section contains a total of 100 questions. Candidates must pay special attention to the biology section because it is worth a maximum of 360 points and carries a high weight. We have included books in the Best Books For NEET Biology list that will help students retain concepts and prepare them for objective questions.
