NEET UG 2026: 90 NCERT Biology Points for 90 Questions (One-Page Cheat Sheet)

NEET UG 2026: Biology contributes 50% of the total NEET UG marks, and almost 85-90% of Biology questions come directly or indirectly from NCERT lines, examples, diagrams, and boxes.

To help NEET UG 2026 aspirants revise smartly, here are the 90 NCERT Points for 90 Questions in Biology.

NEET UG 2026: 90 NCERT Points for 90 Questions in Biology

CELL BIOLOGY & BIOMOLECULES

Cell Biology and Biomolecules form the foundation of all life processes, explaining how cells function, grow, and communicate.

This unit covers the structure and roles of organelles, molecular mechanisms like DNA replication and protein synthesis, and the importance of biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

A strong understanding of these basics helps NEET aspirants decode every higher-level concept in Biology with ease.

1. Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
2. Chloroplasts capture light energy to drive photosynthesis.
3. Enzymes act as biological catalysts and speed up biochemical reactions.
4. DNA replication follows a semi-conservative pattern, preserving one old strand.
5. Transcription converts DNA information into RNA.
6. Translation produces proteins based on mRNA codons.
7. Ribosomes serve as the sites of protein formation.
8. Cell membranes maintain selective permeability using phospholipid layers.
9. Active transport moves substances against gradients using energy.
10. Diffusion enables passive movement down concentration gradients.
11. Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water across membranes.

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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Plant Physiology explains how plants absorb water, transport nutrients, synthesize food, and regulate vital functions.

This unit covers processes like photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, and mineral uptake that keep plants alive and productive.

Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for NEET aspirants because many direct NCERT-based questions come from plant transport systems and photosynthetic pathways.

12. Xylem conducts water unidirectionally from root to shoot.
13. Phloem transports food bidirectionally depending on plant needs.
14. Stomata regulate gas exchange and transpiration in leaves.
15. Enzymes show substrate specificity due to precise active site shapes.
16. Lysosomes digest cellular waste using hydrolytic enzymes.
17. The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages cellular materials.
18. The Endoplasmic Reticulum aids in protein and lipid synthesis.
19. ATP functions as the universal energy currency of cells.

GENETICS & CELL DIVISION

Genetics and Cell Division explore how traits are inherited and how cells reproduce to maintain life.

This unit includes the principles of Mendelian genetics, molecular mechanisms of DNA expression, and the differences between mitosis and meiosis.

20. Meiosis halves the chromosome number to form gametes.
21. Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells.
22. Crossing over during meiosis increases genetic diversity.

ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

The Endocrine and Nervous Systems work together to coordinate and control all activities of the human body.

While the nervous system uses electrical impulses for quick responses, the endocrine system relies on hormones for slower but long-lasting effects.

23. Hormones act as chemical messengers regulating body functions.
24. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by enhancing uptake.
25. Thyroxine maintains the body’s basal metabolic rate.
26. Adrenaline triggers rapid stress responses (fight or flight).
27. Neurons conduct electrical impulses through action potentials.
28. Synaptic transmission occurs through neurotransmitter release.

Read Also: NEET 2026 Biology A&R Guide: 7 Tips to Solve A&R with Quiz Questions

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The Respiratory System enables the exchange of gases essential for life by allowing oxygen to enter the body and carbon dioxide to be expelled.

For NEET aspirants, this unit is highly scoring as many questions come directly from NCERT concepts like breathing mechanisms, gas transport, and respiratory disorders.

29. Alveoli provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
30. Haemoglobin binds oxygen for efficient transport.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The Digestive System breaks down complex food into simpler, absorbable molecules that the body can use for energy, growth, and repair.

Key organs like the stomach, small intestine, liver, and pancreas work together to ensure smooth digestion and nutrient absorption.

31. Digestion breaks complex food into absorbable components.
32. The small intestine is the main site of nutrient absorption.
33. The liver detoxifies chemicals and produces bile.

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

The Excretory System helps the body maintain internal balance by removing metabolic wastes and regulating water, salt, and pH levels.

34. Kidneys regulate fluid balance through filtration and reabsorption.
35. Nephrons are the basic structural and functional units of kidneys.

IMMUNOLOGY

36. Vaccination introduces antigens to stimulate immunity.
37. Antibodies neutralise pathogens by specific binding.
38. Inflammation is a protective response to injury.

ECOLOGY

Ecology examines the relationships between organisms and their environment, explaining how populations, communities, and ecosystems function and interact. It covers essential concepts like food chains, nutrient cycles, biodiversity, ecological succession, and environmental conservation.

NEET frequently asks direct, memory-based questions from this unit, making it one of the most scoring and predictable sections of the Biology syllabus.

39. Ecological succession gradually replaces one community with another.
40. Biodiversity stabilises ecosystems and enhances resilience.
41. Autotrophs produce food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
42. Heterotrophs depend on other organisms for nutrition.
43. Food chains show linear energy flow between organisms.
44. Food webs depict complex feeding relationships.
45. The carbon cycle maintains stability through photosynthesis and respiration.
46. Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms.
47. Genetic drift alters allele frequencies through random events.
48. Natural selection favours traits that improve survival.
49. Speciation occurs when populations become reproductively isolated.

PLANT REPRODUCTION

50. Pollination transfers pollen from the anther to the stigma.
51. Double fertilisation forms both the zygote and the endosperm.
52. Seeds ensure the survival and propagation of plant species.
53. Fruits develop from fertilised ovaries and protect seeds.

Also Read: NCERT for NEET UG 2026: Why it is Important for the Exam?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

54. Photosynthesis has two major phases: light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
55. Light reactions produce ATP and NADPH using sunlight.
56. The Calvin cycle fixes carbon dioxide into glucose.

CIRCULATION

57. The human heart pumps blood through double circulation.
58. Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.
59. Veins return blood to the heart and contain valves to prevent backflow.
60. Capillaries allow the exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes.

BIO-CHEMISTRY & HOMEOSTASIS

61. Homeostasis maintains the body’s internal balance.
62. Proteins serve structural, enzymatic and regulatory roles.
63. Carbohydrates act as quick energy sources and storage compounds.
64. Lipids form membranes and store long-term energy.
65. Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

66. Mutations create genetic variation by altering DNA.
67. RNA polymerase begins the transcription process.
68. tRNA delivers amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

REPRODUCTION & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

69. Gametes fuse during fertilisation to form a diploid zygote.
70. The placenta supports nutrient and gas exchange in mammals.
71. Reflex actions occur instantly without conscious control.
72. Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream.
73. The CNS integrates sensory inputs and coordinates responses.

CELLULAR ENERGY & ORGAN SYSTEMS

74. ATP synthase drives ATP formation in mitochondria.
75. The ovary produces female gametes and hormones.
76. Testes produce sperm and testosterone.
77. A respirometer measures oxygen consumption during respiration.

ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT

78. Biogeochemical cycles recycle essential nutrients.
79. Decomposers break down dead organic matter.
80. Lungs maintain acid–base balance through CO₂ exhalation.
81. Plant cell walls provide shape and protection.

ADVANCED GENETICS & BIOTECHNOLOGY

82. Fertilisation restores the diploid chromosome number.
83. Stem cells can differentiate into specialised cells.
84. Genotype refers to an organism’s genetic makeup; phenotype is its expression.
85. Ecological pyramids show energy and nutrient flow across trophic levels.
86. Transpiration cools plants and drives water transport.
87. Antigen–antibody interactions are fundamental to immunity.
88. PCR amplifies specific DNA segments.
89. Biotechnology uses biological systems for practical applications.
90. Genetic engineering alters DNA to express new traits.

These 90 NCERT-based statements summarise the most frequently asked concepts from the entire Biology syllabus.