NEET UG 2025: As biotechnology continues to advance, students preparing for NEET UG 2025 are facing an ever-increasing number of questions on this cutting-edge field. Biotechnology’s application in various sectors is not just a matter of scientific curiosity but a real-world solution that is changing lives, improving health, and safeguarding the environment.
The exam questions on biotechnology are likely to test students’ understanding of these diverse applications, requiring them to grasp both the scientific principles and the ethical considerations that come with manipulating genetic material.
Join NEET News 2025 The NEET UG exam will likely see several questions on the basic concepts of biotechnology, such as recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning, and the use of microorganisms in genetic engineering.
MCQs in Biotechnology for NEET UG 2025 Exam
1. Which enzyme is used to join two DNA molecules in recombinant DNA technology?
a) Ligase
b) Helicase
c) DNA polymerase
d) RNA polymerase
2. What is the function of the vector in recombinant DNA technology?
a) To cleave the DNA
b) To carry the foreign gene into the host cell
c) To replicate the gene in the host cell
d) To express the gene in the host cell
3. Which of the following is the first step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
a) Annealing
b) Extension
c) Denaturation
d) Transcription
4. Which organism was genetically engineered to produce human insulin?
a) E. coli
b) Yeast
c) Mouse
d) Chlamydomonas
5. What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
a) To join two DNA fragments
b) To cut DNA at specific sequences
c) To synthesize RNA
d) To replicate DNA
6. Which of the following is an example of a transgenic organism?
a) A bacterium with an inserted gene for antibiotic resistance
b) A plant that produces a new variety of flowers
c) A human with a gene from a jellyfish for bioluminescence
d) A cow with improved milk yield through selective breeding
7. What is the principle behind the Southern blotting technique?
a) Detection of proteins
b) Detection of RNA
c) Detection of DNA
d) Detection of lipids
8. Which of the following is not an application of biotechnology in medicine?
a) Gene therapy
b) Production of vaccines
c) Bioremediation
d) Insulin production using genetic engineering
9. In the process of gene cloning, what is the role of a plasmid?
a) To cut the DNA
b) To transport the foreign gene into the host cell
c) To replicate the host genome
d) To provide energy for the cloning process
10. What is the role of a reporter gene in genetic engineering?
a) To activate the foreign gene
b) To monitor the expression of the foreign gene
c) To synthesize proteins
d) To degrade unwanted DNA
11. In the process of bioremediation, microorganisms are used to:
a) Produce insulin
b) Clean up environmental pollutants
c) Generate biofuels
d) Synthesize antibiotics
12. Which of the following techniques is used for DNA sequencing?
a) Western blotting
b) PCR
c) Sanger sequencing
d) ELISA
13. Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified crop?
a) Wheat resistant to drought
b) Tomatoes resistant to pests
c) Rice enriched with Vitamin A (Golden Rice)
d) Banana with a higher sugar content
14. What is the main purpose of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in genetic engineering?
a) To amplify DNA
b) To silence genes
c) To edit genes at specific locations
d) To transfer genes into plant cells
15. What is the first step in the process of recombinant DNA technology?
a) Selection of the host organism
b) Isolation of the gene of interest
c) Cloning of the gene into a vector
d) Insertion of the recombinant DNA into the host
16. Which of the following is a major limitation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
a) Increased crop yield
b) Environmental impact on biodiversity
c) Higher nutritional content
d) Resistance to diseases
17. What is the significance of the process of gene silencing in biotechnology?
a) To enhance gene expression
b) To inhibit the expression of a specific gene
c) To repair defective genes
d) To amplify gene sequences
18. Which of the following methods is used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells?
a) Electroporation
b) Microinjection
c) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
d) Bacterial conjugation
19. In the context of biotechnology, what is the term “biomass” most commonly associated with?
a) Microorganisms used for industrial production
b) Plant and animal material used for biofuel production
c) Proteins produced through genetic engineering
d) Gene expression in cultured cells
20. Which technique is used for identifying specific proteins in a sample?
a) Southern blotting
b) Western blotting
c) Northern blotting
d) ELISA
21. What is the major advantage of using yeast in genetic engineering?
a) They are unicellular and easy to manipulate
b) They produce high yields of proteins
c) They are resistant to high temperatures
d) They can grow in a variety of environments
22. What is the primary function of an electrophoresis technique in biotechnology?
a) To amplify DNA
b) To separate DNA or proteins based on size
c) To introduce foreign genes into cells
d) To transfer proteins onto membranes
23. What is the role of the Taq polymerase in PCR?
a) To amplify DNA
b) To cut DNA into fragments
c) To separate DNA strands
d) To synthesize complementary RNA
24. Which of the following is a characteristic of an ideal bioreactor?
a) It should be large and expensive
b) It should allow for optimal growth conditions for microorganisms
c) It should only work with plant cells
d) It should not allow for temperature control
25. In genetic engineering, why are microorganisms such as E. coli often used?
a) They are capable of producing human proteins
b) They do not require oxygen for growth
c) They can grow to large sizes quickly
d) They are capable of gene editing
Answer Keys
- a, 2. b, 3. c, 4. a, 5. b, 6. c, 7. c, 8. c, 9. b, 10. b, 11. b, 12. c, 13. c, 14. c, 15. b, 16. b, 17. b, 18. c, 19. b, 20. b, 21. b, 22. b, 23. a, 24. b, 25. a
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